Daniela Cipu, Delia Mira Berceanu Vaduva, Dana Emilia Velimirovici, Dan Simion Cipu<br>Immunohistochemical Tumor-related Aspects in<br>Diagnostic Mediastinal Lymph Node Extension in Broncho-pulmonary Carcinoma

Daniela Cipu, Delia Mira Berceanu Vaduva, Dana Emilia Velimirovici, Dan Simion Cipu
Immunohistochemical Tumor-related Aspects in
Diagnostic Mediastinal Lymph Node Extension in Broncho-pulmonary Carcinoma

Abstract:

Broncho-pulmonary neoplasm is the leading cause of cancer death throughout the world (17% of male cancers and 12% of female cancer deaths). As a result, the medical management has been rigorously quantified in terms of clinical-histological characteristics and the invasive tumour stage, the degree of mediastinal lymph node extension and the presence of distant metastases determined with the TNM staging system that is recognised globally The x-ray examination reveals only pathological mediastinal lymph nodes that cause changes of mediastinal margins and the pleural reflection lines. The disadvantage of the traditional x-ray examination is the impossibility to identify the lymph nodes situated within the mediastinum. Also if the lymph nodes are hidden behind other tumour masses existing in the mediastinum, they cannot be discovered at the x-ray examination, which offers little information about the mediastinal structure: vessels, lung, pericardium, pleura, and thoracic wall. Due to the possibility to reveal all groups of pathological mediastinal lymph nodes, computed tomography is the first choice examination for the diagnosis of mediastinal adenopathies. Besides the traditional, cytological and histopathological methods that enable the identification of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma, its malignancy degree and stage, the immunohistochemical methods are very valuable for the assessment of the evolution capacity of pulmonary neoplasia. The lung can be subjected to a large variety of complementary investigations. Keywords: mediastinal lymphadenopathy, broncho-pulmonary neoplasm, pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours, radio-imaging examinations

Issue: 2016, Volume 67, Issue 6

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